Dental Technology Training Course 1 Year

Dental Technology Training Course 1 Year

Dental Technology Training 1 Year
Admission Fee 15500/-
Monthly Tuition Fee Tk 3500/-
Exam Fee Tk 2500 + Tk 2500= Tk 5000/-
Total Course Fee Tk 62500/-

Total Subject 10, Total Exam Marks 1000.

1. Human Anatomy & Physiology

2. Anatomy of the Head and Neck

3. Dental Anatomy & Physiology

4. Chemistry & Pharmacology 

5. Dental Chemistry & Dental Pathology

6.  Conservative Dentistry                                                                               

7. Dental Surgery-1

8. Dental Surgery-2

9. Dental Technology-1

10. Practice of Dental Surgery

Conservative Dentistry 

Conservative dentistry focuses on preserving natural tooth structure while treating dental issues, emphasizing minimally invasive procedures. It offers numerous advantages, including preserving healthy tooth tissue, promoting long-term oral health, and enhancing patient comfort. However, it may not always be suitable for all cases, and some procedures may have limitations in terms of longevity or complexity. 

Importance:

Conservative dentistry is crucial for maintaining a healthy and functional dentition. By preserving natural tooth structure it helps in preventing future dental problems and promotes long-term oral health. Minimally invasive techniques used in conservative dentistry minimize discomfort and reduce the need for extensive treatments. 

Advantages:

• Tooth Preservation:

  The primary goal of conservative dentistry is to conserve as much healthy tooth structure as possible, which is vital for the overall health and strength of the teeth. 

• Minimally Invasive:

  Conservative procedures often involve less drilling and removal of tooth material compared to traditional methods, leading to less discomfort and potentially faster healing. 

• Enhanced Patient Comfort:

  Due to the minimally invasive nature, patients often experience less pain and sensitivity during and after treatment. 

• Long-Term Oral Health:

  By preserving tooth structure and using durable materials, conservative dentistry contributes to the long-term health and functionality of the teeth. 

• Aesthetic Outcomes:

  Conservative treatments can often achieve aesthetically pleasing results by using tooth-colored fillings and other materials that blend with the natural teeth. 

• Cost-Effective:

  In many cases, conservative treatments can be more cost-effective than more extensive procedures like crowns or root canals. 

Disadvantages:

• Not Suitable for All Cases:

  Conservative dentistry may not be appropriate for severe tooth decay, extensive damage, or complex restorative needs. 

• Longevity Limitations:

  While durable, some conservative restorations like fillings may not last as long as other options like crowns, requiring potential replacement over time. 

• Potential for Further Treatment:

  In some cases, conservative treatments may not fully address the underlying issue, potentially requiring further interventions later on. 

• Technical Skill Required:

  Conservative procedures often require a high level of skill and precision from the dentist, especially in achieving optimal fit and aesthetics. 

In summary, conservative dentistry offers a valuable approach to maintaining oral health by preserving natural teeth and employing minimally invasive techniques. While it has numerous advantages, it's important to understand its limitations and discuss the best treatment options with a dentist based on individual needs. 

General Chemistry & Dental Chemistry

Dentistry utilizes a wide array of chemicals for various purposes, including disinfection, sterilization, restorative materials, and preventative treatments. Common examples include disinfectants like glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, restorative materials like amalgam (mercury-based) and composite resins, and preventative agents like fluoride and chlorhexidine. 

Disinfection and Sterilization:

• Aldehydes: Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are used for sterilizing dental instruments and impressions. 
• Halogens: Chlorine and iodine compounds are also used for disinfection. 
• Hydrogen Peroxide: Effective as a disinfectant and also used in some bleaching procedures. 
• Alcohols: Ethyl and isopropyl alcohols are used as disinfectants. 
• Phenols: Used in some disinfectant solutions. 

Restorative Materials:

• Amalgam: An alloy of mercury, silver, tin, copper, and sometimes zinc, used for fillings. 
• Composite Resins: Tooth-colored materials used for fillings and other restorations. 
• Glass Ionomer Cement: Used as a restorative material and for cementing. 
• Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement: Used as a base, liner, or temporary filling. 
• Zinc Phosphate Cement: Used as a base and for cementing restorations. 

Preventative Agents:

• Fluoride: Used in toothpastes, gels, and varnishes to prevent tooth decay. 
• Chlorhexidine: An antiseptic used in mouthwashes and gels to control plaque and gingivitis. 

Other Chemicals:

• Hemostatic Agents: Ferric sulfate, aluminum chloride, and other compounds are used to stop bleeding during procedures. 
• Local Anesthetics: Lidocaine and other anesthetics are used to numb the area being treated. 
• Endodontic Medicaments: Chemicals like p-chlorophenol, m-cresol, and formaldehyde are used in root canal treatments. 
• Bleaching Agents: Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are used to whiten teeth. 
• Dyes: Erythrosine B, acid fuchsin, and basic fuchsin are used to stain and visualize dental plaque. 
• Artificial Sweeteners: Sodium saccharin and sucralose are used in some dental products. 

Biochemistry of Dental Pulp

The dental pulp, the soft tissue within the tooth, is composed of cells, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and a gel-like extracellular matrix. Its biochemistry involves the production and maintenance of dentin, the tissue surrounding the pulp. Key biochemical components include collagen (primarily type I), proteoglycans, and various glycoproteins. The pulp also plays roles in defense and repair, responding to injury and infection through inflammatory and immune responses. 

Key Biochemical Aspects:

• Cellular Composition:

  Fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type, synthesizing and secreting the extracellular matrix. Odontoblasts, located at the periphery of the pulp, are responsible for dentin formation. Other cells include defense cells like macrophages and immune cells. 

• Extracellular Matrix:

  The matrix is composed of collagen fibers (mainly type I), proteoglycans, and other glycoproteins, providing structural support and a medium for cell interactions. 

• Dentin Formation:

  Odontoblasts synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of dentin, which then mineralizes. This process involves various proteins, including collagen, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and others. 

• Nerve Supply:

  The pulp is innervated by nerve fibers that transmit pain signals (nociceptive) and potentially touch (Aβ fibers). These fibers play a crucial role in the pulp's response to stimuli and injury. 

• Immune and Inflammatory Responses:

  The pulp contains resident immune cells and can recruit circulating immune cells to defend against pathogens. Inflammation and pain result from injury and infection. 

• Nutrient Supply:

  The pulp's blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the pulp cells and dentin. 

• Repair and Regeneration:

  The pulp has the capacity for repair and regeneration, particularly in response to injury or caries. This involves new dentin formation and differentiation of odontoblasts. 

• Biomaterials and Therapies:

  Research is exploring the use of biomaterials and regenerative therapies to preserve or restore pulp vitality. 

Biochemistry of Dentin

Dentin, the tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth, is composed of both organic and inorganic components. The inorganic portion, primarily hydroxyapatite, provides hardness and support, while the organic matrix, consisting of collagen and non-collagenous proteins, contributes to its elasticity and resilience. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

1. Inorganic Component:

• Hydroxyapatite:

  This is the primary mineral component, a crystalline form of calcium phosphate. 

• Other Minerals:

  Small amounts of other minerals, including calcium and phosphate, are also present. 

2. Organic Component:

• Collagen: Type I collagen is the most abundant protein, forming a matrix that provides structural support. 
• Non-collagenous Proteins: These include dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and its derived proteins (dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP), and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP)), as well as other proteins like bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN). These proteins play roles in mineralization, cell signaling, and regulating crystal formation. 
• Other Organic Molecules: Lipids, growth factors, and enzymes are also present in small amounts. 

3. Water:

• Water makes up a portion of dentin, primarily adsorbed on the surface of minerals or between crystals. 

4. Key Proteins and their Functions:

• Dentin Phosphoprotein (DPP): A highly phosphorylated protein crucial for dentin mineralization. 
• Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP): A component of the DSPP molecule, involved in dentin formation. 
• Dentin Glycoprotein (DGP): Another component of the DSPP molecule, also involved in dentin formation. 
• Bone Sialoprotein (BSP): A sulfated, phosphorylated, and glycosylated protein that promotes apatite crystal nucleation. 
• Osteopontin (OPN): An acidic protein that binds to collagen and hydroxyapatite, and can inhibit crystal nucleation. 

5. Dentin Formation:

• Odontoblasts, specialized cells in the dental pulp, synthesize and secrete the organic matrix of dentin. 
• The collagen fibers in the organic matrix are aligned and aggregated, forming a fibrillar network. 
• The non-collagenous proteins, particularly the phosphoproteins, create a microenvironment that triggers the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals. 

6. Functions of Dentin:

• Provides support for the overlying enamel. 
• Transmits sensory information from the enamel and root to the dental pulp. 
• Acts as a scaffold for dental restorations. 
• Dentin also exhibits some elasticity, which helps to dissipate stress forces and protect the enamel. 

Dental Surgery: Dental Scaling-

tartar (calculus) from teeth, which accumulates with poor oral hygiene and causes gum disease. The procedure involves using instruments like an ultrasonic scaler and hand scalers to scrape off deposits, often with a local anesthetic for comfort. Precautionary measures include managing sensitive teeth, while contraindications involve conditions like acute leukemia or uncontrolled substance abuse that could impair safe participation.
 

Definition 

• Dental scaling is a professional dental cleaning to remove plaque, tartar, and stains from the tooth surfaces, especially along the gum line and, in deeper cases, below the gum line.

Causes of Buildup

• Plaque: A soft, sticky bacterial film that forms on teeth. 
• Tartar (Calculus): Plaque that has hardened over time by absorbing minerals from saliva. 
• Poor oral hygiene: Insufficient brushing and flossing allows plaque and tartar to accumulate. 

Scaling Procedure

1. 1. Initial Exam:

   The dentist or hygienist examines the teeth and may take an X-ray to assess the buildup. 

2. 2. Anesthetic:

   A topical cream or local anesthetic may be applied to numb the area and ensure comfort during the procedure. 

3. 3. Scaling:

   • Ultrasonic scaler: Uses high-frequency vibrations and water to remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line. 
   • Hand scalers: Small, hook-shaped instruments used to carefully scrape off hardened deposits from tooth surfaces. 

4. 4. Root planing:

   For deeper gum pockets, the roots of the teeth may be smoothed to remove bacteria and encourage gum healing. 

5. 5. Polishing:

   After scaling, a rotating brush or air-powder spray is used to smooth the tooth surfaces and remove external stains. 

Precautionary Measures 

• Tooth sensitivity: Temporarily increased sensitivity to hot and cold may occur.
• Soreness and bleeding: Mild discomfort and light bleeding in the gums are possible as tissues heal.
• Eating soft foods: It may be recommended to avoid irritating the treated areas.
• Antimicrobial mouthwash: May be used to aid in healing.

Contraindications

• Acute leukemia, agranulocytosis, and lymphogranulomatosis:

  These blood disorders can make the procedure unsafe, according to the Centro Odontológico Asiri. 

• Uncooperative patients:

  Individuals with poor plaque control or those who cannot cooperate with the procedure. 

• Substance influence:

  Patients under the influence of drugs or alcohol may not be able to participate safely, notes the College of Dental Hygienists of Ontario. 

Dental Surgery: Root Canal Treatment (RCT)-

infected or inflamed pulp from inside a tooth, preventing extraction and saving the natural tooth. It is caused by deep decay, cracks, or injury leading to pulp exposure and infection. While generally successful, contraindications include nonrestorable teeth or extensive bone loss. The procedure involves numbing the area, removing the pulp, cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, filling them with gutta-percha and sealer, and finally restoring the tooth with a filling or crown.
 

Causes of Requiring a Root Canal

• Deep tooth decay: Bacteria from deep cavities can reach the pulp and cause infection. 
• Cracked or chipped teeth: A fracture or chip in the tooth can expose the pulp to bacteria. 
• Trauma to the tooth: An injury, even without visible damage, can damage the pulp. 
• Loose fillings or crowns: A damaged filling can allow bacteria to enter the tooth and reach the pulp. 
• Repetitive dental procedures: Multiple treatments on the same tooth can damage the pulp. 

Contraindications for Root Canal Treatment

• Nonrestorable teeth:

  If the tooth is too damaged to be saved, a root canal is not recommended. 

• Uncontrolled infections:

  In cases of severe, advanced infection, the tooth might be too compromised. 

• Extensive bone loss:

  Significant loss of bone support around the tooth can make the procedure unsuccessful. 

• Mechanical damage:

  A perforation or crack in the root of the tooth may prevent successful treatment. 

Root Canal Treatment Procedure

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the tooth and the surrounding area. 
2. Access the pulp chamber: A small opening is drilled through the crown of the tooth to access the pulp chamber. 
3. Pulp removal: The damaged or infected pulp, including the nerves and blood vessels, is carefully removed from the pulp chamber and root canals. 
4. Cleaning and shaping: The root canals are thoroughly cleaned, disinfected with a fluid to kill bacteria, and shaped using small instruments. 
5. Filling and sealing: The cleaned and shaped canals are filled and sealed with an inert material, typically gutta-percha and sealer, to prevent reinfection. 
6. Temporary filling: A temporary filling is placed to close the opening in the tooth. 
7. Restoration: The tooth is then restored with a permanent filling or a crown (cap) to protect it and restore its function.